Education System Overview:
Article 33 of the Italian Constitution:
Art and science are free and teaching them is free. The Republic lays down general rules for education and establishes State schools for all kinds and grades. Entities and private persons have the right to establish schools and institutions of education, without impositions for the State. The law, in fixing the rights and obligations on non-state schools which request parity, must ensure to these schools full liberty and to their pupils scholastic treatment equal to that of pupils in State schools. State examinations are prescribed for admission to the various kinds and grades of schools or at their termination and for qualifications to exercise a profession. Institutions of higher learning, universities and academies, have the right to establish their own regulations within the limits laid down by the laws of the State.
(http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1613/file/b4371e43dc8cf675b67904284951.htm/preview)
The education system in Italy today is organized according to the subsidiary principle and autonomy. Subsidiary principles of Italian education systems refer to the social organization of the education system. The State of Italy has absolute endowment over the general issues regarding issues on quality education, it’s standards that are guaranteed to its citizens, as well as its fundamentals that all regions of the state should satisfy and adhere to. Regions on the other hand have exclusive power on specialized instruction and practice pertaining to the development of knowledge. Autonomy goes hand by hand with responsibility and accountability systems of schools. Autonomy of Italian School Systems concerns schools liberations. Italian schools, for the most part, are self-ruling in design, instruction, and developmental exercises. In addition, each institution is solely reliable for the scheduling of the annual teaching time. Typically, “the Italian school year usually runs from mid-September to the end of June… School hours can vary from region to region and can be five or six, full or half days” (Anonymous, 2014).
The current status and structure of Italian Education System follows the organized progression: Pre-primary school, Primary school Lower secondary education, Upper secondary education, Vocational Training Courses (IFP), Post-secondary non tertiary education, and lastly Higher Education (offered by universities and the high level arts and music education system) (Anonymous, 2013).
(Source:http://www.indire.it/lucabas/lkmw_file/eurydice/sintesi_sistema_educativo_italiano_EN.pdf)
The beginning stage of education, like here in the United States, is Pre-primary education. This platform of education is regarded as early child education or nursery school. This level is typically nonobligatory and free for children age three through six.
The next stage of school is what is categorized as the first cycle of schooling. This is the first cycle of education and is the beginning of the compulsory phase of school. This portions term is consisting of 8 years of the schooling progression. Students go through the first phase, Primary school, ages six through eleven. Then move to the second phase of this cycle that is regarded as Lower secondary school ages eleven through 14.
The second cycle of education offers two different pathways. The first option available for the second cycle of education is through “state upper secondary school (lasting 5 years) for students from 14 to 19 years of age. It is offered by licei, technical institutes and vocational institutes” (Anonymous, 2013). The second option available is “three and four year vocational training courses (IFP) addressed to students who have completed the first cycle of education” (Anonymous, 2013). It is important to note that the second option is set-up by region.
Next in the school system progression is the Post-secondary non-tertiary education phase. At this level students are older than those at the Upper secondary level of school. “Although their content may not be significantly more advanced than upper secondary programs, they serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already gained an upper secondary qualification” (OECD, 2003).
The last and final level of education is that of the University status. “The university system is now organized on 3 cycles: the 1st cycle academic degree (diploma), that is the Laurea, grants access to the 2nd cycle, Laurea Specialistica/Magistrale, the main degree of the 2nd cycle, gives access to 3rd cycle doctorate programmes resulting in the degree called Dottorato di Ricerca” (Anonymous, 2014).
Bibliography:
(April 2013). Italian Education System Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.indire.it/lucabas/lkmw_file/eurydice/sintesi_sistema_educativo_italiano_EN.pdf
(21 November 2011). School System in Italy. Retrieved from:http://www.slideshare.net/msanch43/school-system-in-italy
Angloinfo (2014). Education and Schooling in Italy. Retrieved from: http://italy.angloinfo.com/family/schooling-education/
Eurydice WEBA (24 October 2014). Italy- Milan Market Overview. Retrieved from: http://studentfairs.webs.com/italy24october.htm
Lavinia Bifulco, Raffaele Monteleone, Carlotta Mozzana, Irene Rolfini (October 2011). The institutional mapping of Italy’s education system: Europeanization, centralization and regionalization. Retrieved from:http://www.giovanisi.it/files/2011/10/The-istitutional-mapping-of-Italy_s-education-system_Bifulco.pdf
OECD (12 February 2003). Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary Level of Education (ISCED 4). Retrieved from: http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=5408
The beginning stage of education, like here in the United States, is Pre-primary education. This platform of education is regarded as early child education or nursery school. This level is typically nonobligatory and free for children age three through six.
The next stage of school is what is categorized as the first cycle of schooling. This is the first cycle of education and is the beginning of the compulsory phase of school. This portions term is consisting of 8 years of the schooling progression. Students go through the first phase, Primary school, ages six through eleven. Then move to the second phase of this cycle that is regarded as Lower secondary school ages eleven through 14.
The second cycle of education offers two different pathways. The first option available for the second cycle of education is through “state upper secondary school (lasting 5 years) for students from 14 to 19 years of age. It is offered by licei, technical institutes and vocational institutes” (Anonymous, 2013). The second option available is “three and four year vocational training courses (IFP) addressed to students who have completed the first cycle of education” (Anonymous, 2013). It is important to note that the second option is set-up by region.
Next in the school system progression is the Post-secondary non-tertiary education phase. At this level students are older than those at the Upper secondary level of school. “Although their content may not be significantly more advanced than upper secondary programs, they serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already gained an upper secondary qualification” (OECD, 2003).
The last and final level of education is that of the University status. “The university system is now organized on 3 cycles: the 1st cycle academic degree (diploma), that is the Laurea, grants access to the 2nd cycle, Laurea Specialistica/Magistrale, the main degree of the 2nd cycle, gives access to 3rd cycle doctorate programmes resulting in the degree called Dottorato di Ricerca” (Anonymous, 2014).
Bibliography:
(April 2013). Italian Education System Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.indire.it/lucabas/lkmw_file/eurydice/sintesi_sistema_educativo_italiano_EN.pdf
(21 November 2011). School System in Italy. Retrieved from:http://www.slideshare.net/msanch43/school-system-in-italy
Angloinfo (2014). Education and Schooling in Italy. Retrieved from: http://italy.angloinfo.com/family/schooling-education/
Eurydice WEBA (24 October 2014). Italy- Milan Market Overview. Retrieved from: http://studentfairs.webs.com/italy24october.htm
Lavinia Bifulco, Raffaele Monteleone, Carlotta Mozzana, Irene Rolfini (October 2011). The institutional mapping of Italy’s education system: Europeanization, centralization and regionalization. Retrieved from:http://www.giovanisi.it/files/2011/10/The-istitutional-mapping-of-Italy_s-education-system_Bifulco.pdf
OECD (12 February 2003). Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary Level of Education (ISCED 4). Retrieved from: http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=5408
Italia Oil Consumption and Production
Italian life is rather dependent on oil consumption seeing as they are ranked being the 7th top nation for the amounts imported, estimating at about 1.591 million bbl/day (barrels per day). Italy's economy does produce some oil, ranking them number 63 worldwide with exports approximating at about 6,300 bbl/day (barrels per day). But based on Italy''s geographical factors, Italy rely's on various gross domestic products to help stimulate their economy.
Questions to contemplate:
1. What dynamics affect the vigor of competition in the Italian crude oil market?
2. What is the total annual revenue Italy makes and how does that affect their economic stance?
Questions to contemplate:
1. What dynamics affect the vigor of competition in the Italian crude oil market?
2. What is the total annual revenue Italy makes and how does that affect their economic stance?